The transition from ZOZ to WIZ - page 3

Clones must be (almost) *EXACT* duplicates (within the limitations of our best technologies). For example, a 32-bit adder which operates at 2.5 GHz cannot be cloned by an almost identical adder which runs at 1.2 GHz, nor one that runs at 3.0 GHz.

Every device must have a set of specifications provided by the manufacturer, which determines what clones are possible. In some cases the manufacturer can specify a very narrow range, eg, 2.49 - 3.01 GHz. In other cases the manufacture can specify a very wide range, say 0.1 - 99.99 GHz, which allows for a large number of clones from different manufacturers.

For example, if serial number 28393938 is a 2.5 GHz 32-bit adder, specified to be between 2.4 and 2.6 GHz, then all its clones must run within the speed range.

But we can have another adder, with a difference serial number, say 693338, which specifies that it is a 32-bit adder which ranges from 1.0 to 3.0 GHz. We can now have a much wider variance for it's clones. Thus compare these two instructions:

   xxx -> 28393938   // a 2.5 GHz 32-bit adder
   xxx -> 693338     // a 1.0 to 3.0 GHz 32-bit adder

Devices can also specify other parameters, like power usage, heat disipation, silicon area, etc. Any parameters that are unspecified can be cloned without regard to those parameters. Thus, we could have a 32-bit adder with nothing else specified, and zillions of clones of it with any speed, any power usage, etc.

As I write in 2025, this is pretty much the way is is with all common microprocessors. When we write " C = A + B " in almost any modern language we get a default 32-bit adder (or 16 or 64 if specifically asked for), without regard to speed or power usage or anything else. If a program runs faster or hotter on some microprocecssors and slower or cooler on others, so be it.

And likewize in the ZOZ, very common arithmetic devices, like adders, subtractors, multipliers, etc, are likely to come in 16, 32, 64 bit versions, but with little other considerations as to speed, heat disipation, etc. IEEE 754 floating point units might be ubiquitous, but without specific speed or power or thermal specifications.

A huge number of ZOZ sequences are likely to use such common standard devices, and a huge number of manufacturers will include such devices into their WIZ hardware. This will give the ZOZ placement algorithm a very easy job to find suitable WIZes with all the required devices.